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高等教育自学考试“英语(二)”完整讲义(三)
作者:深圳教育在线 来源:szedu.net 更新日期:2008-3-5
s mind that entry to Oxford and Cambridge is fiercely competitive.”

  However many would disagree with this. For, although over three-quarters of British pupils are educated in state schools, over half the students that go to Oxbridge have been to private, over half the students that go to Oxbridge have been to private, or “public” school .Is this because pupils from Britain‘s private schools are more intelligent than those from state schools, or are they simply better prepared?

  On average ,about £5,000 a year is spent on each private school pupil, more than twice the amount spent on state school pupils .So how can the state schools be expected to compete with the private schools when they have far fewer resources? And how can they prepare their pupils for the special entrance exam to Oxford University, which requires extra preparation, and for which many public school pupils traditionally stay at school and do an additional term ?

  Until recently, many blamed Oxford for this bias because of the university‘s special entrance exam (Cam bridge abolished its entrance exam in 1986) But last February ,Oxford University decided to abolish the exam to encourage more state school applicants .From autumn 1996, Oxford University applicants, like applicants to other universities , will be judged only on their A level results and on their performance at interviews , although some departments might still set special tests.

  However, some argue that there‘s nothing wrong in having elite laces of learning ,and by their very nature ,these places should not be easily accessible. Most countries are run by an elite and have centers of academic excellence from which the elite are recruited. Walter Ellis accepts that this is true:

  “But in France, for example, there are something like 40equivalents of university, which provide this elite through a much broader base ,In America you‘ve got the Ivy League, centred on Harvard and Yale .with Princeton ad Stanford and others. But again, those universities together-the elite universities-are about ten or fifteen in number ,and are being pushed aling from behind by other great universities like ,for example, Chicago and Berkeley, So you don’t have just this narrow concentration of two universities providing a constantly replicating elite.”

  When it comes to Oxford and Cambridge being elitist becarse orf he number of private school pupils they accept , Professor Stone of Oxford University argues that there is a simple fact he and his associates cannot ignore:

  “If certain schools so better than others then we just have to accept it . We cannot be a place for remedial education. It‘s not what Ocford is there to do .”

  However, since academic excellence does appear to be related to the amount of money spent per pupil ,this does seem to imply that Prime Minister John Major‘s vision of Britain as a classless society is still a long way off. And it may be worth remembering that while John Major didn’t himself go to Oxbridge most of his ministers did.

  1. Britain is still dominated by the old- boy network; it isn‘t what you know that matters, but who you know.  强调句,不是你懂得知识重要,而是你认识谁重要

   2. He claims that at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (Oxbridge for short) a few select people start on an escalator ride which, over the years, carries them to the tops of British privilege and power. 比喻少数精选出来的人,进了牛津或剑桥,就像坐上了电梯一样,很快就会爬上英国权力的顶峰。

  3. On average, about £5,000 a year is spent on each private school pupil, more than twice the amount spent on state school pupils.

  On average = On the average 平均每个在私立学校读书的学生平均每年要花费约5000英镑,是每个国立学校学生花费的两倍多。

  4. And how can they prepare their pupils for the special entrance exam to Oxford University, which requires extra preparation, and for which many public school pupils traditionally stay at school and do an additional term?

  which 和for which都是引导定语从句修饰exam

  5. When it comes to Oxford and Cambridge being elitist because of the number of private school pupils they accept, professor Stone of Oxford University argues that there is a simple fact he and his associates cannot ignore:

  When it comes to … “当谈及,涉及…时”

  例如:When it comes to our children taking the exam, I almost know nothing.

  当谈到孩子们的考试,我一无所知。

  6. And it may be worth remembering that while John Major didn‘t himself go to Oxbridge, most of his ministers did.

  be worth + 动名词 用主动式表示被动含义

  例如:This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读

  The film is worth seeing. 此电影值得一看。

  Unit 3 练习

  1.词汇英译汉

  。 weaken . deteriorate .debate . legal. request . criterion . ensure . oppose tradition consideration disabled . burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive

  词组:。 to debate on . to make request for be opposed to . to take … into account

  2.句子英译汉(重点句)

  Affected with a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.

  Van Wendel‘s last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.

  The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.

  What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven‘t the right.

  The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering , that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia .

  I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.

  3.句子汉译英 P.59

  安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。

  Euthanasia can really help rid the dying patients of extreme suffering .

  Euthanasia does release the dying people from their suffering .

  你知道不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家?

  Do you know that the Netherlands is the only country in Europe that permits euthanasia ?

  支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人。

  Those doctors who support the idea never mean they don‘t care about / for patients .

  在第一个医生诊断疾病之后,必须由另外一名医生确认病情。

  After the first doctor has diagnosed the illness , a second doctor must confirm the case .

  反对者认为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命,可能请求之后另有他求。

  Opponents think patients may not really want to end their lives, and probably there is another request behind the request .

  历年考题:

  1. The film ______(show) Cees Van Wendel‘s death was both moving and sensitive. (99.10)

  答案: showing . 考点:showing 是现在分词作定语修饰the film .

  2. Each time the programmer of Van Wendal‘s last days before euthanasia was showed on TV, it starts a nationwide debate ______ the subject. (99.10)

  A. for

  B. against

  C. on

  D. of

  答案: C . 考点:词组debate on 对… 的争论。

  3. 汉译英:每次播放这个节目,都引起对此话题的全国性大辩论。(99.10)

  答案: Each time it is shown , this program starts a nationwide debate on the subject.

  4. 汉译英 : 据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。(00.10)

  答案: The patient is said to have asked the doctor to help him die.

  ( 或者: It is said that the patient has asked the doctor to help him die .)

  语法:一致关系

  一致关系是指句子成分之间须在人称、数、性等方面保持一致。在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语和谓语动词之间数的一致,即主谓一致。其次,人称代词和它们所指的对象之间也要保此一致。

  一、主谓一致

  在现代英语中主谓一致基本遵循如下原则:

  语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。

  二、代词一致

  代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、性、人称等方面保持一致,或代词和它所指代的名词词组在某些方面保此一致。


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